\ud83c\udfe1Son zamanlarda, y\u00fcksek enflasyon nedeniyle kira bedellerinin \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilmekteyiz. Bu gibi durumlarda, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin uyarlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7\u0131labilmektedir.
\u2696\ufe0fBu konuda,
Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesinin 2017\/7910 E. Ve 2019\/4570 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131na konu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta;
Davac\u0131, daval\u0131 ile aralar\u0131nda 01\/12\/2009 tarihli 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bulundu\u011funu, her y\u0131l T\u00dcFE ve \u00dcFE rakamlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalamas\u0131 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ancak zaman i\u00e7erisinde meydana gelen ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fimler, y\u00fcksek enflasyon, hayat \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6denen kira bedelinin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u00e7evre ve muhite g\u00f6re son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek ayl\u0131k kira bedelinin 12.000 TL oldu\u011funun tespitine karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.
\u203c\ufe0fYarg\u0131tay ise;
\u201cuyarlama davalar\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131 gereken kurallar belirtildi\u011fi \u015fekilde tek tek ortaya konulmal\u0131 ve konular\u0131nda uzman 3 ki\u015filik bilirki\u015fi kurulundan t\u00fcm bu veriler kiralanan\u0131n niteli\u011fi, kullanma alan\u0131, konumu, b\u00f6lgedeki kira paras\u0131n\u0131 da etkileyecek normalin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki imar ve ticaret de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, emsal kira paralar\u0131, vergi ve amortisman giderlerindeki art\u0131\u015flar d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131ndaki ani ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ini\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar ile \u00fclkeyi sarsan ciddi ekonomik kriz veya do\u011fal afetlere ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6deme esaslar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesini gerektirecek olaylar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilerek bir rapor al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve has\u0131l olacak sonucuna g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerekirken yan\u0131lg\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde kira bedelinin tespitine y\u00f6nelik h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011fildir.\u201d \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesi 2017\/7910 E. ve 2019\/4570 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n “\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n MAHKEMES\u0130 :SULH HUKUK MAHKEMES\u0130 \ud83c\udfe1Son zamanlarda, y\u00fcksek enflasyon nedeniyle kira bedellerinin \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilmekteyiz. Bu gibi durumlarda, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin uyarlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7\u0131labilmektedir.\u2696\ufe0fBu konuda,Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesinin 2017\/7910 E. Ve 2019\/4570 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131na konu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta;Davac\u0131, daval\u0131 ile aralar\u0131nda 01\/12\/2009 tarihli 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bulundu\u011funu, her<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[97,142],"class_list":["post-2459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-av-hande-yetik","tag-adana-kira-avukati","tag-kira-hukuku"],"yoast_head":"\n
Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki kira bedelinin uyarlanmas\u0131 davas\u0131n\u0131n mahkemece yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 sonucunda, davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik olarak verilen h\u00fckm\u00fcn, s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine; temyiz dilek\u00e7esinin kabul\u00fcne karar verildikten sonra, dosya i\u00e7erisindeki ka\u011f\u0131tlar okunup gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:
Y A R G I T A Y K A R A R I
Davac\u0131, daval\u0131 ile aralar\u0131nda 01\/12\/2009 tarihli 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bulundu\u011funu, her y\u0131l T\u00dcFE ve \u00dcFE rakamlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalamas\u0131 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ancak zaman i\u00e7erisinde meydana gelen ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fimler, y\u00fcksek enflasyon, hayat \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6denen kira bedelinin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u00e7evre ve muhite g\u00f6re son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek ayl\u0131k kira bedelinin 12.000 TL oldu\u011funun tespitine karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.
Daval\u0131, taraflar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirlendi\u011fi \u015fekilde kira bedellerinin her yeni kira d\u00f6neminde artt\u0131r\u0131larak \u00f6denmesi nedeniyle, davan\u0131n reddini dilemi\u015ftir.
Mahkemece, 01\/12\/2015 tarihinden itibaren ayl\u0131k kira bedelinin takdiren ve daval\u0131n\u0131n eski kirac\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle hak ve nesafet indirimi yap\u0131larak ayl\u0131k net 10.200.-TL olarak tespitine karar verilmi\u015f, h\u00fck\u00fcm daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.
1-) 04\/06\/1958 g\u00fcn 15\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bir davada dayan\u0131lan maddi vak\u0131alar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak taraflar\u0131n, bu olgular\u0131 hukuken nitelendirmek, uygulanacak yasa maddelerini aray\u0131p bulmak ve do\u011fru olarak yorumlay\u0131p uygulamak da h\u00e2kimin g\u00f6revidir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, bir davada maddi olay\u0131 anlatmak taraflara, hukuki nitelendirmeyi yapmak hakime aittir. (HMK. madde 33). An\u0131lan yasal d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re davay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma g\u00f6revinin mahkeme h\u00e2kimine ait olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne ili\u015fkin hukuki nitelendirme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
Somut olayda, dava dilek\u00e7esinde davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanak g\u00f6sterilen ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fimler, y\u00fcksek enflasyon, hayat \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131 gibi unsurlar ile birlikte kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcreli oldu\u011fu hususu birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin de\u011fi\u015fen \u015fartlara intibak\u0131 (kira bedelinin uyarlanmas\u0131) talep edilmektedir.
Hukukumuzda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k (Ahde Vefa-Pacta Sund Servanda) ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestli\u011fi ilkeleri kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bu ilkelere g\u00f6re, s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 andaki gibi aynen uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u015f s\u00f6yleyi\u015fle, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131 bor\u00e7lu i\u00e7in sonradan a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, edimler dengesi sonradan \u00e7\u0131kan olaylar nedeni ile de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olsa bile, bor\u00e7lu s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki edimini aynen ifa etmelidir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi, hukuki g\u00fcvenlik, do\u011fruluk, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131n\u0131n bir gere\u011fi olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fme hukukunun temel ilkesini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu ilke \u00f6zel hukukun di\u011fer ilkeleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk hukukunda da \u00f6teden beri MK.nun 2 ve 4. maddesinden de esinlenilerek, hem Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus ilkesi, hem de \u0130\u015flem Temelinin \u00c7\u00f6kmesi Kuram\u0131 uygulanmak suretiyle, uyarlanma davalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir oldu\u011fu benimsenmi\u015ftir.
Yarg\u0131tay taraf\u0131ndan benimsenen ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesinin istinas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan, uyarlama davas\u0131 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 TBK.n\u0131n yasala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda da benimsenerek, 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 138. maddesinde \u201cA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0130fa G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d madde ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, \u201c S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada taraflarca \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi de beklenmeyen ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir durum, bor\u00e7ludan kaynaklanmayan bir sebeple ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada mevcut olgular\u0131, kendisinden ifan\u0131n istenmesini d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fecek derecede bor\u00e7lu aleyhine de\u011fi\u015ftirir ve bor\u00e7lu da borcunu hen\u00fcz ifa etmemi\u015f veya ifan\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fmesinden do\u011fan haklar\u0131n\u0131 sakl\u0131 tutarak ifa etmi\u015f olursa bor\u00e7lu, h\u00e2kimden s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yeni ko\u015fullara uyarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme, bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. S\u00fcrekli edimli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde bor\u00e7lu, kural olarak d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131n yerine fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bu madde h\u00fckm\u00fc yabanc\u0131 para bor\u00e7lar\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lgi maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde de \u201cBu yeni d\u00fczenleme, \u00f6\u011freti ve uygulamada s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k (ahde vefa) ilkesinin istisnalar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilen, “i\u015flem temelinin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi”ne ili\u015fkindir. \u0130mk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131k kavram\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ifa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dayanan uyarlama isteminin temeli, T\u00fcrk Meden\u00ee Kanununun 2 nci maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin de\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullara uyarlanmas\u0131 ya da d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, \u015fu d\u00f6rt ko\u015fulun birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.
a.S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada, taraflarca \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi de beklenmeyen ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
b.Bu durum bor\u00e7ludan kaynaklanmam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
c.Bu durum, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada mevcut olgular\u0131, kendisinden ifan\u0131n istenmesini d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fecek derecede bor\u00e7lu aleyhine de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
d.Bor\u00e7lu, borcunu hen\u00fcz ifa etmemi\u015f veya ifan\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fmesinden do\u011fan haklar\u0131n\u0131 sakl\u0131 tutarak ifa etmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
Maddeye g\u00f6re, “uyarlaman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fse bor\u00e7lu, h\u00e2kimden s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yeni ko\u015fullara uyarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir. Bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bor\u00e7lu, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nebilir; s\u00fcrekli edimli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde ise kural olarak, fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.\u201d denilerek uygulamada kabul edilen uyarlama davas\u0131n\u0131n yasa maddesi haline getirildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.
Mahkemece, dava konusu kiralanan ta\u015f\u0131nmaza ili\u015fkin ayl\u0131k kira bedelinin 01\/12\/2015 tarihi itibariyle 10.200 TL olarak tespitine karar verilmi\u015f ise de, davac\u0131n\u0131n davadaki talebi kira bedelinin uyarlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. Bu itibarla, “mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f
yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan uyarlama davalar\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131 gereken kurallar belirtildi\u011fi \u015fekilde tek tek ortaya konulmal\u0131 ve konular\u0131nda uzman 3 ki\u015filik bilirki\u015fi kurulundan t\u00fcm bu veriler kiralanan\u0131n niteli\u011fi, kullanma alan\u0131, konumu, b\u00f6lgedeki kira paras\u0131n\u0131 da etkileyecek normalin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki imar ve ticaret de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, emsal kira paralar\u0131, vergi ve amortisman giderlerindeki art\u0131\u015flar d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131ndaki ani ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ini\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar ile \u00fclkeyi sarsan ciddi ekonomik kriz veya do\u011fal afetlere ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6deme esaslar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesini gerektirecek olaylar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilerek bir rapor al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve has\u0131l olacak sonucuna g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerekirken yan\u0131lg\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde kira bedelinin tespitine y\u00f6nelik h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011fildir.
H\u00fck\u00fcm bu nedenle bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.
2-) Bozma nedenine g\u00f6re, daval\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n bu a\u015famada incelenmesine gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.
SONU\u00c7: Yukar\u0131da birinci bendde a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle h\u00fckm\u00fcn HUMK’nun 428. maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA, ikinci bendde a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenle daval\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine \u015fimdilik yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, pe\u015fin al\u0131nan temyiz harc\u0131n\u0131n istek halinde temyiz edene iadesine, 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 HMK’nun ge\u00e7ici madde 3 atf\u0131yla 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 HUMK.nun 440. maddesi gere\u011fince tebli\u011fden itibaren 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere, 15\/05\/2019 tarihinde oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"