{"id":2620,"date":"2024-06-20T06:24:20","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T06:24:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avhandeyetik.com\/?p=2620"},"modified":"2024-06-20T06:24:21","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T06:24:21","slug":"eslerin-sadakat-yukumlulugu-bosanma-davasinin-acilmasiyla-ortadan-kalkmaz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avhandeyetik.com\/?p=2620","title":{"rendered":"E\u015flerin Sadakat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bo\u015fanma Davas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla Ortadan Kalkmaz."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

E\u015flerin Sadakat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bo\u015fanma Davas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla Ortadan Kalkmaz; Bo\u015fanma Karar\u0131 Kesinle\u015finceye Kadar Devam Eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, Esas No: 2017\/1473, Karar No: 2018\/1824 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MAHKEMES\u0130 :Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi

Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cmanevi tazminat\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, Alanya 3. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesince as\u0131l davan\u0131n reddine, kar\u015f\u0131 dava hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair verilen 01.10.2013 tarihli ve 2013\/428 E. 2013\/361 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar davac\u0131- kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmekle, Yarg\u0131tay 4. Hukuk Dairesinin 05.05.2014 tarihli ve 2014\/3924 E., 2014\/7100 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile;
“….Dava, haks\u0131z eylem nedeniyle manevi tazminat istemlerine ili\u015fkindir. Mahkemece, as\u0131l davan\u0131n reddine, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k dava y\u00f6n\u00fcnden karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f; h\u00fck\u00fcm, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temyiz olunmu\u015ftur.
Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fah\u0131sla dini nikah k\u0131yd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nikah\u0131 k\u0131yarken halen e\u015fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n bu eyleminin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirterek manevi zarar\u0131n\u0131n tazminini istemi\u015ftir.
Daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 yan\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bo\u015fanma ilam\u0131nda kusurlu bulunan davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n tazminat isteme hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyanla davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur.
Mahkemece, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 devam ederken ayr\u0131 ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahip olan kad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir erkekle birlikte ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik hakk\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak kabul edilemeyece\u011fi, kald\u0131 ki bo\u015fanma davas\u0131nda da davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir kad\u0131nla birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenerek kusurlu oldu\u011funun tespit edildi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.
Dosyadaki belgelerden, taraflar aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n 24\/05\/2007 tarihinde a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n baba evine gitmi\u015f oldu\u011fu, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 kocan\u0131n ise yine bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce ba\u015fka bir kad\u0131nla birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 19\/12\/2008 tarihinde bo\u015fanmalar\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 yaz aylar\u0131nda ba\u015fka erkekle gayri resmi \u015fekilde birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131, bo\u015fanmaya ili\u015fkin ilam\u0131n ise 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda kesinle\u015fti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
E\u015fler evlilik birli\u011fini kurmakla birbirlerine sadakat borcu alt\u0131na girdikleri gibi, mensubu olduklar\u0131 aile birli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 da sorumluluk alt\u0131na girerler. Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fi olan daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 kesinle\u015fmemesine ra\u011fmen bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 ile birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 evlilik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, sadakat borcu alt\u0131na girdi\u011fi e\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 haks\u0131z eylem niteli\u011findedir.
Evli bir kimsenin evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 birlikteli\u011fi, di\u011fer e\u015fin sosyal ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerine sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu hususunda ku\u015fku yoktur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren e\u015f, di\u011fer e\u015fin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarardan sorumludur.
Sonu\u00e7 itibariyle, bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verilip bu karar hen\u00fcz kesinle\u015fmeden, evlili\u011fin hukuken devam etti\u011fi bir s\u0131rada daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne uymayarak ba\u015fka bir erkekle birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkemenin kabul\u00fcnde olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re; davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 lehine uygun bir tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi gerekir. Mahkemenin ret gerek\u00e7esi, ancak manevi tazminat\u0131n takdirinde indirim nedeni olabilir. Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 yarar\u0131na uygun miktarda manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir…”
gerek\u00e7esiyle oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.
HUKUK GENEL KURULU KARARI
Hukuk Genel Kurulunca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki belgeler okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:
Dava, haks\u0131z eylem nedeniyle ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131dan kaynaklanan manevi tazminat istemine ili\u015fkindir.
Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekili; m\u00fcvekkili ile daval\u0131n\u0131n Alanya 4. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 2007\/358 E.- 2008\/513 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile bo\u015fand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde m\u00fcvekkilinin ba\u015fka bir kad\u0131nla kar\u0131 koca hayat\u0131 ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n dayanak g\u00f6sterildi\u011fini, bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 ile m\u00fcvekkili aleyhine 175,00TL nafaka, 2.000,00TL maddi ve 2.000,00TL manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedildi\u011fini, taraflar aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 devam etti\u011fi s\u0131rada (bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 hen\u00fcz kesinle\u015fmeden) daval\u0131n\u0131n Nurettin \u00c7\u0131nar isimli ki\u015fi ile dini nik\u00e2h k\u0131yarak evlendi\u011fini ve kar\u0131 koca hayat\u0131 ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daval\u0131n\u0131n dini nik\u00e2h s\u0131ras\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, daval\u0131n\u0131n bu eyleminin TMK\u2019n\u0131n 176\/3. maddesi gere\u011fince m\u00fcvekkilinin nafaka \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayr\u0131ca daval\u0131n\u0131n eyleminin m\u00fcvekkilinin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek daval\u0131 lehine h\u00fckmedilen 175,00TL yoksulluk nafakas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131n\u0131n dini nik\u00e2h ile ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten ba\u015flamak \u00fczere kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, 5.000,00TL manevi tazminat\u0131n daval\u0131dan tahsiline karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.
Daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 vekili; iddialar\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcvekkilinin ne zaman evlendi\u011finin n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan belli oldu\u011funu, bo\u015fanmada kusurlu olan davac\u0131n\u0131n tazminat istemeye hakk\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, taraflar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011funun dedesinin yan\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve masraflar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek as\u0131l davan\u0131n reddine, kar\u015f\u0131 davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nce belirlenen 50,00TL nafakan\u0131n 200,00TL’ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.
Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekili; nafaka bedelinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki talebin reddedilmesi gerekti\u011fini, dinlenen tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131ndan daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n evlilik birli\u011finin devam etti\u011fi 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ba\u015fka birisiyle dini nik\u00e2hla evlendi\u011finin sabit oldu\u011funu, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 A\u011fustos ay\u0131ndan itibaren m\u00fcvekkilinin yoksulluk nafakas\u0131 \u00f6deme \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131nda m\u00fcvekkilinin daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131ya tazminat \u00f6demesine karar verilmesinin gerek\u00e7esinin evlilik birli\u011fi devam ederken ba\u015fka birisiyle kar\u0131 koca hayat\u0131 ya\u015famas\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ancak tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131 ile sabit oldu\u011fu \u00fczere daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n da evlilik birli\u011fi devam etti\u011fi s\u0131rada ba\u015fkas\u0131yla kar\u0131 koca hayat\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle daval\u0131n\u0131n da m\u00fcvekkiline manevi tazminat \u00f6demesi gerekti\u011fini belirterek as\u0131l davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne, kar\u015f\u0131 davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.
Mahkemece (Aile mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla); kimsenin kendi kusurlu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayanamayaca\u011f\u0131, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir kad\u0131nla ili\u015fkisinin sabit oldu\u011fu, bo\u015fanma karar\u0131nda da bu hususun belirtildi\u011fi, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir erkekle gayriresm\u00ee evlili\u011finin taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanmas\u0131ndan ve davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir kad\u0131nla ili\u015fkisinden sonraki bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n bir e\u015f s\u0131fat\u0131na haiz olmadan bu y\u00f6nde tazminat isteme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n manevi tazminat isteminin reddine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nce gayriresm\u00ee daha sonrada resm\u00ee \u015fekilde evlenmesi nedeniyle davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131ya yoksulluk nafakas\u0131 \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 ile h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nan yoksulluk nafakas\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermek gerekti\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk yarar\u0131na h\u00fckmedilen nafaka miktar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi gerekti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n manevi tazminat isteminin reddine, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131ya \u00f6dedi\u011fi yoksulluk nafakas\u0131n\u0131n dava tarihinden itibaren ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n davas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smen kabul\u00fc ile Alanya 4. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 2007\/358 E., 2008\/513 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile taraflar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fu yarar\u0131na h\u00fckmedilen ayl\u0131k 50,00TL i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131n\u0131n dava tarihinden itibaren ge\u00e7erli olmak ko\u015fulu ile ayl\u0131k 150,00TL’ ye y\u00fckseltilmesine ve dava tarihinden itibaren ayl\u0131k 150,00TL olarak davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131dan al\u0131narak daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131ya velayeten verilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir.
Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekilinin temyizi \u00fczerine karar Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesince; taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n 24.06.2010 tarihinde kesinle\u015fti\u011fi, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n manevi tazminat talebinin bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 kesinle\u015fmeden, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka erkekle fiilen beraber ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n bu durumu yeni \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kesinle\u015fen bo\u015fanma karar\u0131nda bo\u015fanma sebebi olarak kabul edilen olay\u0131n davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etmesi oldu\u011fu, davac\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanma karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesinden sonraki bo\u015fanma sebebi olmayan bir olaya dayanan manevi tazminat talebinin T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 174\/2. maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde incelenmesinin hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bo\u015fanmaya sebep olan olaylar nedeniyle manevi tazminat talep edilebilece\u011fi, manevi tazminat talebinin dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 olay\u0131n bo\u015fanmaya sebep olan bir olay olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu olay\u0131n bo\u015fanma karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesinden \u00f6nce meydana gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n da manevi tazminat talebini T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 174\/2. maddesi kapsam\u0131na d\u00e2hil etmeyece\u011fi, o h\u00e2lde bu iste\u011fin Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun haks\u0131z fiillere ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re incelenebilece\u011fi, bu nedenle manevi tazminat talebini inceleyip karara ba\u011flaman\u0131n aile mahkemesinin g\u00f6revi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olup genel mahkemelerin g\u00f6revine girdi\u011fi, davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n manevi tazminat talebi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na, bozma kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan temyize konu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin onanmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.
Yerel Mahkemece Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesinin bozma karar\u0131na uyularak; taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanmas\u0131na dair kararda davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n son iki y\u0131ld\u0131r (karar tarihi olan 19.12.2008 tarihi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2006 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri) ba\u015fka bir kad\u0131nla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n kusurlu oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmedildi\u011fi, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n 24.05.2007 tarihinde a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, eldeki davada daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7makla ayr\u0131 ya\u015fama iradesini ortaya koymu\u015f oldu\u011fundan hayat\u0131na ne \u015fekilde devam edece\u011fine kendisinin karar verece\u011fi, ne kanunlarda ne de Anayasada ki\u015finin kim ile ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131na dair bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n evlilik birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde e\u015flerin birbirine sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fc oldu\u011fu, ancak taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ayr\u0131 ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 devam ederken ba\u015fka bir erkekle birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131 ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahip olan kad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir erkekle birlikte ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik hakk\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak kabul edilemeyece\u011fi, kald\u0131 ki bo\u015fanma davas\u0131nda da davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir kad\u0131nla birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenerek kusurlu oldu\u011funun h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumda kendisinin dava a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce yani ayr\u0131 ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 do\u011fmadan \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir eylemin, ayr\u0131 ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 do\u011fduktan sonra objektif olarak ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 te\u015fkil etmeyece\u011fini kabul etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n manevi tazminat davas\u0131n\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.
Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekilinin temyizi \u00fczerine karar \u00d6zel Dairece, yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile bozulmu\u015ftur.
Yerel Mahkemece \u00f6nceki karardaki gerek\u00e7elerle ve kendisinin sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn devam etti\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranan e\u015fin, ayn\u0131 gerek\u00e7e ile ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 ile tazminat istemesinin hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelece\u011fi, e\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal eden, bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hi\u00e7e sayan bir e\u015fin, hayat\u0131n\u0131 bu \u015fekilde y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011finin kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fi, hayat\u0131n\u0131 bu \u015fekilde y\u00f6nlendiren e\u015fin kendisi i\u00e7in hak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc eylem kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ki\u015filik hakk\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 kabul etmesinin iyiniyet ile ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n eylemleri de dikkate al\u0131narak bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 kesinle\u015fmese de davac\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 e\u015ften tazminat istemesinin hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ve davac\u0131n\u0131n eylemlerinde iyi niyetli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle direnme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.
Direnme karar\u0131n\u0131 davac\u0131- kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekili temyiz etmi\u015ftir.
Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, somut olayda taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar tarihinden sonraki ve bu karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fme tarihinden \u00f6nceki bir d\u00f6nemde bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 ile birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flayan daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n bu eylemi nedeniyle davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n manevi tazminat isteminde bulunup bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.
Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmeden \u00f6nce, konuya ili\u015fkin yasal d\u00fczenleme ve ilkelerin ortaya konulmas\u0131nda yarar vard\u0131r:
Dava konusu haks\u0131z eylemin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ve davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan 818 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 41. maddesinde \u201cMesuliyet \u015eart\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda:
\u201cGerek kasten gerek ihmal ve teseyy\u00fcp yahut tedbirsizlik ile haks\u0131z bir surette di\u011fer kimseye bir zarar ika eden \u015fah\u0131s, o zarar\u0131n tazminine mecburdur.
Ahlaka mugayir bir fiil ile ba\u015fka bir kimsenin zarara u\u011framas\u0131na bilerek sebebiyet veren \u015fah\u0131s, kezalik o zarar\u0131 tazmine mecburdur.\u201d
Ayn\u0131 Kanunun \u201c\u015eahsi Menfaatlerin Haleldar Olmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 49. maddesinde ise;
\u201c\u015eahsiyet hakk\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tecav\u00fcze u\u011frayan ki\u015fi, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 manevi zarara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k manevi tazminat nam\u0131yla bir miktar para \u00f6denmesini dava edebilir.
Hakim, manevi tazminat\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 tayin ederken, taraflar\u0131n s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131, i\u015fgal ettikleri makam\u0131 ve di\u011fer sosyal ve ekonomik durumlar\u0131n\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131r.
Hakim, bu tazminat\u0131n \u00f6denmesi yerine, di\u011fer bir tazmin sureti ikame veya ilave edebilece\u011fi gibi tecav\u00fcz\u00fc k\u0131nayan bir karar vermekle yetinebilir ve bu karar\u0131n bas\u0131n yolu ile ilan\u0131na da h\u00fckmedebilir.\u201d
h\u00fck\u00fcmleri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup;
Di\u011fer taraftan, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 185. maddesinde;
“Evlenmeyle e\u015fler aras\u0131nda evlilik birli\u011fi kurulmu\u015f olur.
E\u015fler, bu birli\u011fin mutlulu\u011funu elbirli\u011fiyle sa\u011flamak ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131na, e\u011fitim ve g\u00f6zetimine beraberce \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.
E\u015fler birlikte ya\u015famak, birbirine sad\u0131k kalmak ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak zorundad\u0131rlar.”
h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK\u2019n\u0131n 185. maddesinde e\u015flerin birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile e\u015flere sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uyar\u0131nca e\u015fler evlilik birli\u011finin devam\u0131 s\u00fcresince birbirlerine sad\u0131k kalmak zorundad\u0131rlar.
E\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, evlili\u011fin kurulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flay\u0131p evlilik birli\u011finin herhangi bir nedenle (iptal, \u00f6l\u00fcm, bo\u015fanma vb.) sona ermesine kadar devam eder. Bu s\u00fcre boyunca verilen ayr\u0131l\u0131k karar\u0131 veya e\u015flerin fiilen ayr\u0131 ya\u015famalar\u0131 ya da bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmaz (Badur, E.\/Turan Ba\u015fara, G: Aile Hukukunda Sadakat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u0130hlalinden Kaynaklanan Manevi Tazminat \u0130stemi, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, C.65, Say\u0131:1, 2016, s. 105).
Bu durumda, taraflar evli olduklar\u0131 s\u00fcrece, e\u015f s\u00f6yleyi\u015fle bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verilip kesinle\u015finceye kadar sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne uygun davranmak zorundad\u0131rlar. Bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmakla ayr\u0131 ya\u015fama hakk\u0131n\u0131n elde edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi bir e\u015fin sadakatsiz tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmas\u0131 di\u011ferine de ayn\u0131 davran\u0131\u015fta bulunma hakk\u0131 vermez.
Hemen belirtmekte yarar vard\u0131r ki, e\u015fler evlilik birli\u011fini kurmakla birbirlerine sadakat borcu alt\u0131na girdikleri gibi, mensubu olduklar\u0131 aile birli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 da sorumluluk alt\u0131na girerler. E\u015flerden birinin bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 ile cinsel veya duygusal ili\u015fkiye girmesi, evlilik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, sadakat borcu alt\u0131na girdi\u011fi di\u011fer e\u015fin sosyal ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerine sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011finde olup bu haks\u0131z eylemi nedeniyle de di\u011fer e\u015fin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarardan sorumlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
Nitekim ayn\u0131 ilkeler Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 26.11.2008 tarihli ve 2008\/2-698 E., 2008-711 K., 22.12.2010 tarihli ve 2010\/2-636 E.,- 2010-680 K., 13.07.2011 tarihli ve 2011\/2-403 E., 2011-509 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da benimsenmi\u015ftir.
T\u00fcm bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar ve yasal d\u00fczenlemeler kapsam\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde;
Taraflar aras\u0131nda evlilik birli\u011finin devam etti\u011fi s\u0131rada davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir kad\u0131nla birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fczerine daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 … \u00dcnal taraf\u0131ndan davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 … aleyhine 24.05.2007 tarihinde bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Alanya 4. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesince (Aile Mahkemesi S\u0131fat\u0131yla) yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucunda verilen 19.12.2008 tarihli ve 2007\/358 E.- 2008\/513 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar ile taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanmalar\u0131na, a\u011f\u0131r kusurlu oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan …\u2019\u0131n maddi ve manevi tazminat ile i\u015ftirak ve yoksulluk nafakas\u0131 \u00f6demesine h\u00fckmedildi\u011fi, karar\u0131n … taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesince 06.05.2010 tarihinde onand\u0131\u011f\u0131, taraflarca s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde karar d\u00fczeltme talebinde bulunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan h\u00fckm\u00fcn 24.06.2010 tarihinde kesinle\u015fti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 taraf\u00e7a bu davada, bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verildikten sonra daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n Nurettin \u00c7\u0131nar isimli ki\u015fiyle gayriresm\u00ee \u015fekilde birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla manevi tazminat isteminde bulunulmu\u015ftur. Mahkemece yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda dinlenen tan\u0131klar da daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 yaz aylar\u0131nda Nurettin \u00c7\u0131nar ile d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015flerdir.
Sonu\u00e7 itibariyle taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar tarihinden sonraki ve bu karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fme tarihinden \u00f6nceki bir d\u00f6nemde daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir erkekle birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda yerel mahkeme ile \u00d6zel Daire aras\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r.
Bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 kesinle\u015finceye kadar evlilik birli\u011finin devam etti\u011fi ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK\u2019n\u0131n 185\/3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca evlilik birli\u011fi devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece e\u015flerin birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin bulundu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanma karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fme tarihinden \u00f6nceki bir d\u00f6nemdeki eylemi ile evlilik birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekir.
H\u00e2l b\u00f6yle olunca, somut olayda mahkemece daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen eyleminin davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n sosyal ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerine sald\u0131r\u0131 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu ve bu haks\u0131z eylemi nedeniyle sorumlu oldu\u011fu kabul edilerek davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 yarar\u0131na uygun bir manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmelidir.
O h\u00e2lde, Hukuk Genel Kurulunca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken, \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.
Bu nedenle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.
SONU\u00c7: Davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131nda ve yukar\u0131da g\u00f6sterilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 BOZULMASINA, istek h\u00e2linde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n ilgilisine iadesine, 04.12.2018 tarihinde oy birli\u011fiyle kesin olarak karar verildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

E\u015flerin Sadakat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bo\u015fanma Davas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla Ortadan Kalkmaz; Bo\u015fanma Karar\u0131 Kesinle\u015finceye Kadar Devam Eder. Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, Esas No: 2017\/1473, Karar No: 2018\/1824 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131: “\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni” MAHKEMES\u0130 :Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cmanevi tazminat\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, Alanya 3. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesince as\u0131l<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-av-hande-yetik"],"yoast_head":"\nE\u015flerin Sadakat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bo\u015fanma Davas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla Ortadan Kalkmaz. - Yetik Hukuk ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu | Adana Avukat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"E\u015flerin Sadakat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bo\u015fanma Davas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla Ortadan Kalkmaz; Bo\u015fanma Karar\u0131 Kesinle\u015finceye Kadar Devam Eder.Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, Esas No: 2017\/1473\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/avhandeyetik.com\/?p=2620\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"E\u015flerin Sadakat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bo\u015fanma Davas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla Ortadan Kalkmaz. - Yetik Hukuk ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu | Adana Avukat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"E\u015flerin Sadakat Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bo\u015fanma Davas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla Ortadan Kalkmaz; 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