{"id":2649,"date":"2024-06-20T11:46:08","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T11:46:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avhandeyetik.com\/?p=2649"},"modified":"2024-06-20T11:46:09","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T11:46:09","slug":"borcluya-103-davetiyesi-gonderilmezse-haczedilmezlik-sikayeti-kiymet-takdiri-raporunun-borcluya-tebligiyle-baslar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avhandeyetik.com\/?p=2649","title":{"rendered":"Bor\u00e7luya 103 Davetiyesi G\u00f6nderilmezse Haczedilmezlik \u015eikayeti K\u0131ymet Takdiri Raporunun Bor\u00e7luya Tebli\u011fiyle Ba\u015flar."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

103 Davetiyesi nedir?
Haciz s\u0131ras\u0131nda haz\u0131r olmayan ve namlar\u0131na haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tebell\u00fc\u011fe yetkili ki\u015fide de bulunmayan alacakl\u0131ya veya bor\u00e7luya (veya haciz her ikisinin de yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise, her ikisine) \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemesi ve diyece\u011fi varsa bildirmesi i\u00e7in (icra dairesince) 22 \u00f6rnek say\u0131l\u0131 davet ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 g\u00f6nderilir (\u0130\u0130K m. 103; \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi m. 19\/z, 45). Bu davet k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131na uygulamada (\u0130\u0130K m. 103’te d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in) “103 davetiyesi” veya “103 ihbarnamesi” de denilmektedir.
\u2757\ufe0fDavet k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 ile haciz yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan alacakl\u0131ya veya bor\u00e7luya verilen \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre haciz i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin (\u0130\u0130K m. 16) i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece haciz i\u015fleminin kesinle\u015fmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7indir.
\u2696\ufe0f T.C. Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun Esas No: 2017\/12-353 ve Karar No: 2021\/1254 Say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; Haciz safhas\u0131ndan sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tapuda kay\u0131tl\u0131 ada ve parsel bilgilerini i\u00e7eren k\u0131ymet takdirine ili\u015fkin raporun \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesine g\u00f6re bor\u00e7luya tebli\u011fi ile bor\u00e7lunun ta\u015f\u0131nmaz haczini de \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finin kabul\u00fc gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun Esas No: 2017\/12-353 ve Karar No: 2021\/1254 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MAHKEMES\u0130 :\u0130cra Hukuk Mahkemesi
1. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki “meskeniyet \u015fik\u00e2yeti” isteminden dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan inceleme sonunda, \u00c7anakkale \u0130cra (Hukuk) Mahkemesince verilen \u015fik\u00e2yetin kabul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin karar alacakl\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesince yap\u0131lan inceleme sonucunda bozulmu\u015f, Mahkemece \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na direnilmi\u015ftir.
2. Direnme karar\u0131 alacakl\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.
3. Hukuk Genel Kurulunca dosyadaki belgeler incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:
I. \u0130NCELEME S\u00dcREC\u0130
Bor\u00e7lu \u0130stemi:
4. Bor\u00e7lu vekili 22.09.2014 tarihli \u015fik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esinde; \u00c7anakkale 2. \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 2014\/1648 E. say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda m\u00fcvekkili aleyhine ba\u015flat\u0131lan icra takibinde m\u00fcvekkili bor\u00e7lu ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan \u00c7anakkale ili, Merkez il\u00e7esi, Kepez K\u00f6y\u00fc … parselde bulunan kargir ev ve arsa niteli\u011findeki ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131na haciz konuldu\u011funu, 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra \u0130flas Kanunu (\u0130\u0130K)\u2019nun 103. maddesi gere\u011fince haciz s\u0131ras\u0131nda bulunmayan bor\u00e7lunun hacizden haberdar edilmesi ve 103 davetiyesinde mal\u0131 haczedilen bor\u00e7luya hacze ili\u015fkin itirazlar\u0131n hangi mahkemeye, hangi s\u00fcrede i\u00e7erisinde yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi hususlar\u0131n\u0131n bildirilmesi gerekti\u011fini, bor\u00e7luya 103 davetiyesi g\u00f6nderilmedi\u011fini, bor\u00e7lunun haczi 19.09.2014 tarihinde icra dosyas\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini, bor\u00e7luya 103 davetiyesi g\u00f6nderilmeden k\u0131ymet takdiri yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu k\u0131ymet takdirine ili\u015fkin tutana\u011f\u0131n bor\u00e7luya tebli\u011f edildi\u011fini, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131n haczedildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin herhangi bir bilgisi olmayan bor\u00e7lunun k\u0131ymet takdirine ili\u015fkin tutana\u011fa bir anlam veremedi\u011fini, ilgili yasa ve Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 gere\u011fince 103 davetiyesi tebli\u011f edilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde haczi \u00f6\u011frenme tarihinin bor\u00e7ludan sorularak tespit edilmesi ve \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin bu tarihten itibaren ba\u015flamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 82. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 12. bendine g\u00f6re bor\u00e7lunun h\u00e2line m\u00fcnasip evinin haczedilemeyece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek haczedilmezlik \u015fik\u00e2yetinin kabul\u00fc ile haczin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.
Alacakl\u0131 Cevab\u0131:
5. Alacakl\u0131 vekili cevap dilek\u00e7esinde; \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 102. maddesine g\u00f6re bor\u00e7lunun ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r bir mal\u0131n\u0131n haczi i\u00e7in mahallinde tutanak tutulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 Kanunun 103. maddesinde ise bu tutanak tutulurken bor\u00e7lunun veya namlar\u0131na tebli\u011f alacak ki\u015filerin bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde icra dairesine davet olunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fini, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kayden haczinde 103 davetiyesinin tebli\u011finin zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bor\u00e7lunun \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin haczi \u00f6\u011frenme tarihinden ba\u015flamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi iddias\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmediklerini, bor\u00e7lunun meskeniyet \u015fik\u00e2yetinin de yerinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek \u015fik\u00e2yetin reddini savunmu\u015ftur.
Mahkeme Karar\u0131:
6. \u00c7anakkale \u0130cra (Hukuk) Mahkemesinin 09.07.2015 tarihli ve 2014\/585 E., 2015\/294 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 82\/1-12. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen haczedilemezlik \u015fik\u00e2yetinin 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcreye tabi oldu\u011fu, her ne kadar takip dosyas\u0131nda 08.05.2014 tarihinde k\u0131ymet takdiri i\u015flemi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de, sunulan 09.06.2014 tarihli k\u0131ymet takdiri raporuna g\u00f6re ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 incelenmeksizin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan foto\u011fraflar\u0131 \u00e7ekilmek ve tapu kay\u0131tlar\u0131 uygulanmak suretiyle k\u0131ymet takdiri yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda bor\u00e7lunun haz\u0131r bulundu\u011funa dair herhangi bir bilgi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 09.06.2014 tarihli k\u0131ymet takdiri raporu \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i bor\u00e7luya 09.09.2014 tarihinde tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f ise de k\u0131ymet takdiri raporunda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n haczedildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin herhangi bir ibare bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, icra dairesinin cevabi yaz\u0131s\u0131nda da bor\u00e7luya 103 davetiyesinin tebli\u011f edilmedi\u011finin bildirildi\u011fi, bu durumda haciz i\u015fleminin 19.09.2014 tarihinde icra dosyas\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fine dair beyana itibar edilmesinin zorunlu oldu\u011fu, \u015fik\u00e2yetin 22.09.2014 tarihinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yetin s\u00fcresinde oldu\u011fu kabul edilerek i\u015fin esas\u0131na ge\u00e7ildi\u011fi, \u015fik\u00e2yet konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ekilen foto\u011fraflardan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere bor\u00e7lunun h\u00e2line m\u00fcnasip ev olmaktan \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6zelliklere sahip gecekondu \u015feklinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f bir bina oldu\u011fu, 27.03.2015 tarihli ek raporda de\u011ferinin 86.185TL olarak bildirildi\u011fi, bor\u00e7lunun h\u00e2line m\u00fcnasip oturabilece\u011fi 3+1 \u015feklindeki bir dairenin de\u011ferinin ise 11.06.2015 tarihli ek bilirki\u015fi raporunda 95.000TL olarak bildirildi\u011fi, bu nedenle bor\u00e7lunun haczedilemezlik \u015fik\u00e2yetinin yerinde oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle \u015fik\u00e2yetin kabul\u00fc ile ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki haczin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.
\u00d6zel Daire Bozma Karar\u0131:
7. Mahkemenin yukar\u0131da belirtilen karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde alacakl\u0131 vekili temyiz isteminde bulunmu\u015ftur.
8. Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesince 18.01.2016 tarihli ve 2015\/25210 E., 2016\/1124 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile;
“…Bor\u00e7lunun, takip dosyas\u0131nda haczedilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n, \u0130\u0130K’nun 82\/12. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda haline m\u00fcnasip evi oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerek haczin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fikayet yoluyla icra mahkemesine ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu, mahkemece, \u015fikayetin kabul\u00fc ile haczin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\u0130\u0130K.nun 82\/12. maddesinde yer alan haczedilmezlik \u015fikayeti, \u0130\u0130K.nun 16\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcreye tabidir. Bu s\u00fcre \u00f6\u011frenme tarihinden ba\u015flar.
Somut olayda, meskeniyet \u015fikayetine konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tapu kayd\u0131na 20.03.2014 tarihinde haciz \u015ferhi i\u015flendi\u011fi, mahcuz ta\u015f\u0131nmaza ili\u015fkin k\u0131ymet takdir raporunun bor\u00e7luya 09.09.2014 tarihinde tebli\u011f edildi\u011fi, bor\u00e7lunun bu tarihte haczi \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi halde 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u015fikayet s\u00fcresinden sonra meskeniyet \u015fikayetini 22.09.2014 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
O halde, mahkemece \u015fikayetin s\u00fcreden reddi gerekirken, i\u015fin esas\u0131 incelenerek \u015fikayetin kabul\u00fc ile haczin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisi isabetsizdir\u2026\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle karar bozulmu\u015ftur.
Direnme Karar\u0131:
9. \u00c7anakkale \u0130cra (Hukuk) Mahkemesinin 21.04.2016 tarihli ve 2016\/138 E., 2016\/231 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 16, 102, 103, 128 ve 128\/a maddelerine g\u00f6re haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi s\u0131rada bor\u00e7lu veya bor\u00e7luyu temsilen yetkili ki\u015filerin haz\u0131r bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan tutana\u011f\u0131 incelemek \u00fczere bor\u00e7lunun icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne davet edilmesi gerekti\u011fi, uygulamada madde numaras\u0131ndan m\u00fclhem bu davetiyeye 103 davetiyesi ad\u0131 verildi\u011fi, davet ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 ile bor\u00e7luya verilen 3 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrenin haciz i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ve b\u00f6ylece haciz i\u015fleminin kesinle\u015fmesinin ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015f\u00f6yle ki: alacakl\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lu davet ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n kendisine tebli\u011finden itibaren 3 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelerse \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin haciz i\u015flemini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi o tarihten (haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n incelendi\u011fi tarihten) itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131, alacakl\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lu 3 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemezse (incelemek i\u00e7in icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne gelmezse) \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin 3 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrenin sona ermesinden itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131, yani alacakl\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lunun bu 3 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrenin bitiminde haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 103. maddesine g\u00f6re davet ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 g\u00f6nderilmesinin haciz i\u00e7in bir ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fart\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle davet ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 g\u00f6nderilmemesinin alacakl\u0131n\u0131n veya bor\u00e7lunun (veya her ikisinin) yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan taraf\u0131n haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmesini (ve b\u00f6ylece \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131) geciktirece\u011fi (Baki Kuru – \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Hukuku 10. bask\u0131 sayfa 201 \u2013 202), \u00f6te yandan \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 128 ve devam\u0131 maddelerinde haczedilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n k\u0131ymetinin takdir edilece\u011finin ve k\u0131ymet takdirinin bor\u00e7luya tebli\u011finin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, \u0130\u0130K sistemati\u011finde k\u0131ymet takdiri i\u015flemi yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in haczin kesinle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmekte ise de, bu hususun bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesinin her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayabilece\u011fi, bor\u00e7luya tebli\u011f edilen k\u0131ymet takdiri i\u015fleminde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n haczedildi\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bildirilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bor\u00e7lunun haczi \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f oldu\u011funun kabul edilemeyece\u011fi, aksi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn kabul\u00fc h\u00e2linde hukuk\u00ee bilgiden yoksun bor\u00e7lular\u0131n kanuni \u015fik\u00e2yet haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanamaz h\u00e2le gelece\u011fi, kanun koyucu bor\u00e7lunun bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 teminen \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 103. maddesinde icra dairesini bor\u00e7luya davetiye g\u00f6ndermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tuttu\u011fu, somut olayda icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 103. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen davetiyeyi g\u00f6ndermedi\u011fi, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n haczedildi\u011fi bilgisini ta\u015f\u0131mayan k\u0131ymet takdiri i\u015fleminin tebli\u011fi ile ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n haczedildi\u011finin bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n hakkaniyete ayk\u0131r\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle direnme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.
Direnme Karar\u0131n\u0131n Temyizi:
10. Direnme karar\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde alacakl\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.

II. UYU\u015eMAZLIK
11. Direnme yolu ile Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; meskeniyet \u015fik\u00e2yetinin s\u00fcresinde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.

III. GEREK\u00c7E
12. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle haciz i\u015fleminin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.
13. Haciz, cebri icra organ\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan devlete ili\u015fkin bir hakimiyet tasarrufu olup, icra takibinin konusu olan belli bir para alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, bu yolda istemde bulunan alacakl\u0131 lehine, s\u00f6z konusu alaca\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak miktar ve de\u011ferdeki bor\u00e7luya ait mal ve haklara, icra memuru taraf\u0131ndan hukuken el konulmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u0130K’n\u0131n 85. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re icra dairesince, bor\u00e7lunun kendi yedinde veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131sta bulunan menkul mallar\u0131 ile gayrimenkullerinden ve alacak ve haklar\u0131ndan alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ana para, faiz ve masraflar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn alacaklar\u0131na yetecek miktar\u0131 haczedilir.
14. \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 102. maddesi haczedilen mallar\u0131n tutana\u011fa yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 ve esas\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar hakk\u0131nda haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mahallinde (mallar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerde) d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla icra memuru bu mallar\u0131 yerinde g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra bunlar\u0131n haczedildi\u011fini (k\u0131ymetleri ile birlikte) haciz tutana\u011f\u0131na yazar. Haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131, haczi yapan icra dairesi g\u00f6revlisi, haz\u0131r bulunan alacakl\u0131, varsa vekili, bor\u00e7lu veya temsilcisi, varsa yediemin ve bilirki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan imzalan\u0131r (\u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi m. 41\/2). \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 79. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re resm\u00ee sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 mallar\u0131n haczi takibin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 icra dairesince kayd\u0131na i\u015fletilmek suretiyle do\u011frudan da yap\u0131labilir. 17.07.2003 tarihli ve 4949 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik sonras\u0131nda uygulamada ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yere gidilerek tutanak d\u00fczenlenmemekte, yaln\u0131zca tapu kayd\u0131na \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 91. maddesine g\u00f6re haciz \u015ferhi konulmaktad\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddeye g\u00f6re ta\u015f\u0131nmaz haczi ile tasarruf hakk\u0131 Medeni Kanunun 920. (4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu m. 1010) maddesi anlam\u0131nda tahdide u\u011frar. Sicile kaydedilmek \u00fczere haciz keyfiyeti ne miktar mebla\u011f i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 ile tebli\u011fe yarar adresi icra dairesi taraf\u0131ndan tapu siciline bildirilir.
15. Haciz s\u0131ras\u0131nda haz\u0131r olmayan ve namlar\u0131na haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tebell\u00fc\u011fe yetkili ki\u015fide de bulunmayan alacakl\u0131ya veya bor\u00e7luya (veya haciz her ikisinin de yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise, her ikisine) \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemesi ve diyece\u011fi varsa bildirmesi i\u00e7in (icra dairesince) 22 \u00f6rnek say\u0131l\u0131 davet ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 g\u00f6nderilir (\u0130\u0130K m. 103; \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi m. 19\/z, 45). Bu davet k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131na uygulamada (\u0130\u0130K m. 103’te d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in) “103 davetiyesi” veya “103 ihbarnamesi” de denilmektedir. Davet k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 ile haciz yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan alacakl\u0131ya veya bor\u00e7luya verilen \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre haciz i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin (\u0130\u0130K m. 16) i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece haciz i\u015fleminin kesinle\u015fmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7indir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki; alacakl\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lu, davet k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n kendisine tebli\u011finden itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelerse, \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi, haciz i\u015flemini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi o tarihten (haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fi tarihten) itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar. Alacakl\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lu, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemezse (incelemek i\u00e7in icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne gelmezse) \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrenin sona ermesinden itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar. Yani, alacakl\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lu bu \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrenin bitiminde haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Davet k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131ndaki (\u0130\u0130K m. 103) \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrenin i\u015flevi bundan ibarettir; ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla bu \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre haciz i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7indir. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrenin, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir i\u015flevi yoktur. \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 103. maddesine g\u00f6re davet k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 g\u00f6nderilmesi, haciz i\u00e7in bir ge\u00e7erlik \u015fart\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ba\u015fka bir deyimle, davet k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 g\u00f6nderilmemesi, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n veya bor\u00e7lunun (veya her ikisinin) yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan haczi ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lmaz. Bu husus, sadece haciz yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan taraf\u0131n haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmesini (ve b\u00f6ylece \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131) geciktirir. Haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tebli\u011fi zorunlulu\u011fu yoktur (Kuru, Baki: \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Hukuku El Kitab\u0131, Ankara 2013, s. 422-424).
16. \u0130cra iflas hukukunda kural olarak bor\u00e7lunun malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden mal, alacak ve haklar\u0131, alacakl\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir t\u00fcr teminat olu\u015fturur. Bor\u00e7lunun malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan mal, alacak ve haklar\u0131 bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in haczedilebilirse de, bor\u00e7lunun ve ailesinin ya\u015fama ve ekonomik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi i\u00e7in istisnai olarak baz\u0131 mal ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n haczedilemeyece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 82. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 12. bendi uyar\u0131nca bor\u00e7lunun “h\u00e2line m\u00fcnasip” evi haczedilemez.
17. Bor\u00e7lunun haczedilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n h\u00e2line m\u00fcnasip oldu\u011fu nedeniyle \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 82. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 12. bendi uyar\u0131nca icra mahkemesinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet, haczedilmezlik \u015fik\u00e2yeti olup, \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresine ili\u015fkin bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 16. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki genel h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulan\u0131r. \u015eik\u00e2yet ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 16. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fik\u00e2yet muamelenin \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc nitelikte olup, icra mahkemesi \u015fik\u00e2yetin s\u00fcresinde yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 re\u2019sen ara\u015ft\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. \u0130\u0130K\u2019da bir\u00e7ok i\u015flemin tebli\u011f edilmesi zorunlulu\u011fu getirilmi\u015ftir (\u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 61. maddesine g\u00f6re \u00f6deme emrinin bor\u00e7luya, \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 127. maddesine g\u00f6re art\u0131rma ilan\u0131n\u0131n alacakl\u0131ya, bor\u00e7luya, tapu sicilindeki ilgililere tebli\u011fi gibi). Tebli\u011f zorunlulu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen h\u00e2llerde ise kural olarak \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 16. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi i\u015flemin \u00f6\u011frenilmesi ile ba\u015flar. \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 82. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 1. bendinde d\u00fczenlenen Devletin mallar\u0131 ile \u00f6zel kanunlar\u0131nda mallar\u0131 devlet mal\u0131 say\u0131lan kurumlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015filerinin mallar\u0131n\u0131n haczedilemeyece\u011fi kural\u0131 kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fundan bu mallar\u0131n haczedilemeyece\u011fi s\u00fcresiz \u015fik\u00e2yet yolu ile ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda haczedilmezlik \u015fik\u00e2yetinin s\u00fcresinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilebilmesi i\u00e7in her somut olayda i\u015flemin \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi tarihin saptanmas\u0131 gerekir. Haciz i\u015flemi tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f ise tebli\u011f yap\u0131lan ki\u015finin i\u015flemden haberi olaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edildi\u011finden s\u00fcre tebli\u011f ile i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar. \u015eik\u00e2yet konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n haczi \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 79. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re tapuya haciz \u015ferhi i\u015flenmek suretiyle yap\u0131larak, bor\u00e7luya ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bilgilerini i\u00e7eren 103 davetiyesi g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ise bu davetiyenin tebli\u011fi ile bor\u00e7lu haczi \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olur. Bu nedenle \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi bu tebli\u011f tarihinden ba\u015flar. \u015eik\u00e2yete konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n haciz i\u015flemi bor\u00e7luya tebli\u011f edilmemi\u015f ise \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi bor\u00e7lunun haczi \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini beyan etti\u011fi tarihten itibaren ba\u015flar. \u015eik\u00e2yete konu i\u015flemi \u00f6\u011frenme tarihinin kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 gerekmez. \u015eik\u00e2yet konusu i\u015flemin daha \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi, bu nedenle \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresinin ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcren taraf bu iddias\u0131n\u0131 ispatlamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130cra mahkemesince de haczin bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin icra dosyas\u0131nda herhangi bir bilgi veya belgeye bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmelidir.
18. Haczedilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar sadece a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yolu ile sat\u0131labilir. A\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rmaya haz\u0131rl\u0131k i\u015flemlerinden olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n k\u0131ymet takdiri, m\u00fckellefiyetler listesinin kesinle\u015fmesinden sonra icra dairesince takdir edilir. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n de\u011ferini etkileyen m\u00fckellefiyetler listesi yok ise haciz s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan k\u0131ymet takdiri de ge\u00e7erlidir.
19. \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 128. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca k\u0131ymet takdirine ili\u015fkin rapor bor\u00e7luya, haciz koydurmu\u015f alacakl\u0131lara ve di\u011fer ipotekli alacakl\u0131lara tebligat\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 icra dosyas\u0131ndaki, ayr\u0131ca bildirilmi\u015f bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2li m\u00fcstesna olmak \u00fczere, tapudaki mevcut adresleri esas al\u0131nmak sureti ile tebli\u011f edilir. Bor\u00e7lu, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n k\u0131ymet takdirine ili\u015fkin raporun tebli\u011fi ile de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n haczedildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenebilir.
20. Somut olayda alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bor\u00e7lu aleyhine \u00c7anakkale 1. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 17.03.2014 tarihli 2014\/42 D. \u0130\u015f. say\u0131l\u0131 ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak ba\u015flat\u0131lan kambiyo senetlerine \u00f6zg\u00fc haciz yolu ile takipte alacakl\u0131n\u0131n 19.03.2014 tarihinde bor\u00e7lu …\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6stererek \u00c7anakkale\u2019de ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n haciz i\u00e7in tapu sicil m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne m\u00fczekkere yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti\u011fi, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce 19.03.2014 tarihinde talep gere\u011fince i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi, \u015fik\u00e2yete konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tapu kayd\u0131na 20.03.2014 tarihinde ihtiyati haciz \u015ferhi i\u015flendi\u011fi, bor\u00e7luya 27.03.2014 tarihinde \u00f6deme emrinin tebli\u011f edildi\u011fi, 08.05.2014 tarihinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerde fiili haciz ve k\u0131ymet takdiri i\u00e7in tutanak tutuldu\u011fu, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce g\u00f6revlendirilen bilirki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen 09.06.2014 tarihli k\u0131ymet takdir raporunda rapora konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kargir ev ve arsa nitelikli \u00c7anakkale ili, merkez il\u00e7esi, Kepez Beldesi, 270 parsel nolu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz olarak belirtildi\u011fi, hacizli ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki bor\u00e7lunun hissesinin de\u011ferinin 89.668TL olarak tespit edildi\u011fi, tapu kayd\u0131na 29.08.2014 tarihinde haciz \u015ferhinin i\u015flendi\u011fi, k\u0131ymet takdir raporunun bor\u00e7luya 09.09.2014 tarihinde tebli\u011f edildi\u011fi, bor\u00e7lunun 22.09.2014 tarihinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n h\u00e2line m\u00fcnasip oldu\u011funu belirterek haczedilmezlik \u015fik\u00e2yeti ile icra mahkemesine ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
21. Genel olarak icra takibi be\u015f a\u015famadan olu\u015fur. Bu a\u015famalar takip talebi, \u00f6deme (icra) emri, haciz, sat\u0131\u015f ve paralar\u0131n payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Mahkemenin de kabul\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu \u00fczere k\u0131ymet takdirinin konusu haczedilen mallard\u0131r. Haczedilmezlik \u015fik\u00e2yetinin s\u00fcresinin, haczin tebli\u011fi ile ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u0130\u0130K\u2019da \u00f6zel bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan meskeniyet \u015fik\u00e2yeti \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 16. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6\u011frenme tarihinden itibaren yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Haciz safhas\u0131ndan sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tapuda kay\u0131tl\u0131 ada ve parsel bilgilerini i\u00e7eren k\u0131ymet takdirine ili\u015fkin raporun \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 128. maddesine g\u00f6re bor\u00e7luya tebli\u011fi ile bor\u00e7lunun ta\u015f\u0131nmaz haczini de \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finin kabul\u00fc gerekir.
22. H\u00e2l b\u00f6yle olunca; yerel mahkemece, Hukuk Genel Kurulunca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmas\u0131 gerekirken, \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0
23. Bu nedenle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0

IV. SONU\u00c7:
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle;
Alacakl\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 BOZULMASINA,
\u0130stek h\u00e2linde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine,
2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019na 5311 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 29. maddesi ile eklenen Ge\u00e7ici 7. maddesinin g\u00f6ndermesi ile uygulanmas\u0131 gereken \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 366\/III. maddesi uyar\u0131nca karar\u0131n tebli\u011finden itibaren 10 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere, 19.10.2021 tarihinde oy birli\u011fi ile karar verildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

103 Davetiyesi nedir?Haciz s\u0131ras\u0131nda haz\u0131r olmayan ve namlar\u0131na haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tebell\u00fc\u011fe yetkili ki\u015fide de bulunmayan alacakl\u0131ya veya bor\u00e7luya (veya haciz her ikisinin de yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise, her ikisine) \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde haciz tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemesi ve diyece\u011fi varsa bildirmesi i\u00e7in (icra dairesince) 22 \u00f6rnek say\u0131l\u0131 davet ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 g\u00f6nderilir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-av-hande-yetik"],"yoast_head":"\nBor\u00e7luya 103 Davetiyesi G\u00f6nderilmezse Haczedilmezlik \u015eikayeti K\u0131ymet Takdiri Raporunun Bor\u00e7luya Tebli\u011fiyle Ba\u015flar. - 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